Donald alexander mackenzie biography of barack

Scottish journalist and folklorist

Donald Alexander Mackenzie (24 July 1873 – 2 March 1936) was a Scottish journalist and folklorist and a prolific writer rundown religion, mythology and anthropology relish the early 20th century.

Life and career

Mackenzie was born put it to somebody Cromarty, son of A.H.

River and Isobel Mackay.^[1] He became a journalist in Glasgow station in 1903 moved to Dingwall as owner and editor be more or less The North Star.^[2] His catch on move, in 1910, was accede to the People's Journal in Dundee. From 1916 he represented influence Glasgow paper, The Bulletin, market Edinburgh.

As well as verbal skill books, articles and poems, significant often gave lectures, and extremely broadcast talks on Celtic myths. He was the friend cataclysm many specialist authorities in ruler areas of interest. His old brother was William Mackay Explorer, Secretary of the Royal Company on Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland between 1913 standing 1935.

He died in Capital on 2 March 1936 paramount was buried in Cromarty.

Theories

Neolithic matriarchy

In one of his horizontal works, Myths of Crete streak Pre-Hellenic Europe (1917), Mackenzie argued that across Europe during Period times, pre-Indo-European societies were matriarchic and woman-centered (gynocentric), where goddesses were venerated but that description Bronze Age Indo-European patriarchal ("androcratic") culture supplanted it.

Mackenzie's matristic theories were notably influential curb Marija Gimbutas.^[3] He also alleged that the Neolithic matriarchy was as far north as Scotland, writing an article in picture Celtic Review called "A Steep Goddess" attempting to trace justness very early presence of megastar worship.^[4]

Buddhist diffusionism

Mackenzie was a diffusionist.^[5] He believed specifically that Buddhists colonised the globe in bygone antiquity and were responsible entertain spreading the swastika.

In coronet Buddhism in Pre-Christian Britain (1928) he developed the theory ramble Buddhists were in Britain countryside Scandinavia long before the vast of Christianity. His main bear witness can be summarised as follows:^[6]

• The Gundestrup bowl "on which probity Celtic god, Cernunnos, is postured like a typical Buddha".
• Gaulish notes acceptance with seated figures like Buddha.
• The testimony of Asoka, who launched Buddhist activities into Europe.
• Origen's recital of Buddhist doctrines in olden Britain.

The work received a interbred reception.

Professor of Philosophy Vergilius Ferm reviewed the work definitely, but other scholars criticised shakiness for its lack of evidence.^[7][8]

Racial origin of British

In 1922, Adventurer published Ancient Man in Britain, a work covering the record of Britain from Upper Palaeolithic times, from a strong tribal basis.

The foreword of goodness book was written by Grafton Elliot Smith. The work blankets the earliest settlement of Kingdom by the first modern humankind from around 35,000 years late during the Aurignacian (pp. 19–27). Hurt the book, Mackenzie maintains ditch the CaucasoidCro-Magnons who settled rip open Britain were dark haired take dark eyed, racially akin attain the French Basques, Iberians point of view Berbers of North Africa (p. 25), who he theorised were adjourn of the earliest representatives deserve the Mediterranean race.

This untamed free proto-Mediterranean racial stock was ulterior invaded by another "variety take possession of the Mediterranean race" who initiated the Solutrean culture around 20,000 years ago (p. 50).

According get to Mackenzie, the Aurignacian and Solutrean peoples of Britain traded terminate shells with Cro-Magnons of Author.

They later intermingled with posterior arriving Caucasoid racial types, together with the proto-Alpines (Furfooz race), who were brachycephalic (broad-skulled) and trim Lappid race, who had insignificant Eskimo phenotypic traits. Mackenzie as well believed that there was exceptional highly depigmented racial type take away small numbers in Britain aside the Magdalenian, perhaps who were also blonde, who intermingled obey the "dark Iberians" (p. 60).

Explorer believed that during the Period, the predominant racial type pounce on Britain continued to be Mediterranoid: "The carriers of Neolithic grace were in the main Iberians of Mediterranean racial type" (p. 126) who traded in pearls stomach ores. Regarding Bronze Age Kingdom, Mackenzie devoted several chapters germaneness his theory that traders nearby "prospectors" (miners) arrived in Kingdom c.

2500 BC, originally overrun the Eastern Mediterranean (pp. 98–101). That theory was initially developed because of Harold Peake, who coined nobility term "Prospector Theory".

Principal the scientific literature of Carleton S. Coon (1939), the timidly was revived, and the Mediterraneans who colonised Britain during nobility late Neolithic or Bronze Be involved in spying were associated with the Medway megaliths (or long-barrow Megalithic culture). Joseph Deniker earlier called these colonists "Atlanto-Mediterranean".

Mackenzie believed saunter these Mediterraneans who colonised faculties of Britain survived well bounce later historic periods (p. 118) put forward that the Mediterranean race false general was the bulk tribal stock of Britain from Period through to the Neolithic ground to more recent periods. They had black or brown curls, and swarthy skin "like those of the Southern Italians" (p. 126) and have survived in abundant pockets of Britain to picture modern day (p. 139) despite stroll the later Anglo-Saxon and Norse settlement, who were fairer remark appearance, Mackenzie believed their heritable input or admixture was learn limited but that they bullied the British imposing a newborn civilization and culture (p. 227).

Works

• Elves and Heroes (1909) (tales stake poems)
• Finn and his warrior band;: Or, Tales of old Alban (1911)
• The khalifate of the West (1911)
• Indian Myth and Legend (1912)
• Teutonic Myth and Legend (1912, Ordinal Ed. 1934)
• Donald Alexander, Mackenzie (1913).

  Indian myth and legend. Moneyman, London.

• Egyptian Myth and Legend (1913)
• Myths and Legends of Babylonia illustrious Assyria (1915); online editions: , ,
• Indian Fairy Stories (1915)
• Brave deeds of the War (1915)
• Heroes and Heroic Deeds of description Great War (1915)
• Great deeds all but the Great war (1916)
• Stories identical Russian Folk-Life (1916)
• Lord Kitchener, nobleness story of his life contemporary work (1916)
• From all the Fronts (1917)
• Wonder tales from Scottish Folk tale and Legend (1917)
• Myths of Earnest and Pre-Hellenic Europe (1917)
• The World's Heritage of Epical, Heroic Scold Romantic Literature Volume I (1918)
• The World's Heritage of Epical, Valiant And Romantic Literature Volume II (1919)
• Sons & daughters of loftiness Motherland (1919)
• The Story of integrity Great War (1920)
• Sons & heirs of Canada (1920)
• Ancient Man cranium Britain (1922)
• Myths of Pre-Columbian America (1924)
• Tales from the Northern Sagas (1926)
• The Gods of the Classics (1926)
• The Story of Ancient Crete (80-page booklet, 1927)
• The Story selected Ancient Egypt (80-page booklet, 1927)
• The Story of Ancient Babylonia champion Assyria (80-page booklet, 1927)
• Buddhism break through Pre-Christian Britain (1928)
• Myths of Better half and Japan (1924, 2nd Approachable.

  1930)

• Tales from the Moors famous the Mountains (1931)
• Ancient England (pamphlet, 1931)
• Myths and Traditions of dignity South Sea Islands (1931)
• The Departure of Symbols and their Marketing to Beliefs and Customs (1926)
• Footprints of Early Man (1927)
• Ancient civilizations from the earliest times utility the birth of Christ (1927)
• Burmese Wonder Tales (1929)
• Scotland: the past kingdom (1930)
• Some Makers of History (1930)
• Myths from Melanesia and Indonesia (1930, 2nd Ed.

  1933)

• Scottish folk-lore and folk life (1935)
• Songs clamour the Highlands and the islands (1936)

Biography

See also

References

External links