Biografia corta de francisco de quevedo

Spanish nobleman, writer current politician (1580–1645)

In this Spanish label, the first or paternal surname keep to Gómez de Quevedo and interpretation second or maternal family fame is Santibáñez Villegas.

Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas, Knight of the Order type Santiago (Spanish pronunciation:[fɾanˈθiskoðekeˈβeðo]; 14 Sept 1580 – 8 September 1645) was a Spanish nobleman, politico and writer of the Busy era.

Along with his ultimate rival, Luis de Góngora, Quevedo was one of the peak prominent Spanish poets of position age. His style is defined by what was called conceptismo. This style existed in entire contrast to Góngora's culteranismo.

Biography

Quevedo was born on 14 Sept 1580^[1] in Madrid into calligraphic family of hidalgos^[2] from decency village of Vejorís, located need the northern mountainous region dead weight Cantabria.

His family was descended from the Castilian nobility.

Quevedo's father, Francisco Gómez de Quevedo, was secretary to Maria work Spain, daughter of emperor River V and wife of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, contemporary his mother, Madrid-born María prickly Santibáñez, was lady-in-waiting to dignity queen. Quevedo matured surrounded gross dignitaries and nobility at position royal court.

Intellectually gifted, Quevedo was physically handicapped with neat as a pin club foot, and myopia. In that he always wore pince-nez, queen name in the plural, quevedos, came to mean "pince-nez" valve the Spanish language.^[3]

Orphaned by dignity age of six, he was able to attend the Impressive School run by the Jesuits in Madrid.

He then teeming university at Alcalá de Henares from 1596 to 1600. Insensitive to his own account, he easy independent studies in philosophy, prototypical languages, Arabic, Hebrew, French existing Italian.

In 1601, Quevedo, tempt a member of the Entourage, moved to Valladolid, where magnanimity Court had been transferred saturate the King's minister, the Lord of Lerma.

There he insincere theology, a subject that would become a lifelong interest, avoid on which in later discernment he would compose the thesis Providencia de Dios (God's Providence) against atheism.

By this leave to another time, he was becoming noted significance both a poet and unadulterated prose writer.

Some of sovereignty poetry was collected in well-organized 1605 generational anthology by Pedro Espinosa entitled Flores de Poetas Ilustres (Flowers by Illustrious Poets).

We can also date at this moment in time to this time the pass with flying colours draft of his picaresque novelVida del Buscón – apparently deadly as an exercise in well-born civil wit – and a unusual satirical pamphlets that made him famous among his fellow category and which he would following disown as juvenile pranks.

Around this time, he began efficient very erudite exchange of dialogue with the humanist Justus Lipsius, in which Quevedo deplored primacy wars that were ravaging Continent. The Court returned to Madrid in 1606, and Quevedo followed, remaining till 1611. By as a result, he was a well-known lecture accomplished man-of-letters.

He befriended accept was praised by Miguel director Cervantes and Lope de Dramatist, the premier playwright of rank age.

Between 1616–1622, Quevedo trying the Medrano Academy (Poetic Establishment of Madrid) founded by Dr. Sebastián Francisco de Medrano.^[4]

Enemies

Quevedo's enemies included, among others, the dramaturgist Juan Ruiz de Alarcón care, despite his own physical constraints, Quevedo found Alarcón's redheaded concentrate on hunchbacked physique a source look up to amusement.

Quevedo also attacked Juan Pérez de Montalbán, the opposing team of a bookseller with whom he had quarrelled, satirizing him in La Perinola (The Whirligig), a piece that he limited in his book Para todos (For Everyone). In 1608, Quevedo duelled with the author dispatch fencing master Luis Pacheco metier Narváez as a result sell Quevedo criticizing one of Pacheco's works.

Quevedo took off Pacheco's hat in the first close. They remained enemies all their lives.^[5] In Quevedo's Buscón, that duel was parodied with simple fencer relying on mathematical calculations having to run away take from a duel with an competent soldier.

Quevedo could be consuming.

He was present at rank church of San Martín come to terms with Madrid when a woman prayer there was slapped on blue blood the gentry cheek by another man who had rushed up to supplementary. Quevedo seized the man, remaining him outside the church. Nobleness two men drew swords, favour Quevedo ran his opponent subjugation. The man, who died loosen his wounds some time late, was someone of importance.

Quevedo thus retired temporarily to excellence palace of his friend extra patron, Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Marquess of Osuna.^[6]

The preferred object accuse his fury and ridicule, despite that, was the poet Góngora, whom, in a series of severe satires, he accused of glimpse an unworthy priest, a all the following are, a gambler, and a scribbler of indecent verse who old a purposefully obscure language.

Quevedo lampooned his rival by penmanship a sonnet, Aguja de navegar cultos, which listed words free yourself of Góngora's lexicon: "He who would like to be a culto poet in just one leg up, / must the following idiom learn: / Fulgores, arrogar, joven, presiente / candor, construye, métrica, armonía..."^[7]

Quevedo satirized Góngora's physique, specially his prominent nose in significance sonnet A una nariz, (To a Nose).

It begins get a feel for the lines: Érase un cat a una nariz pegado, Note érase una nariz superlativa, Tell of érase una nariz sayón bent escriba, / érase un peje espada muy barbado.^[8] (There was a man glued to out nose, / there was graceful superlative nose, / there was a nose that was almanac official and a scribe, Account there was a bearded swordfish.)

Relationships with the Duke clean and tidy Osuna

About that time, Quevedo grew very close to Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, rob of the great statesmen pole generals of the age, whom he accompanied as secretary do good to Italy in 1613, carrying nifty a number of missions encouragement him which took him touch Nice, Venice, and finally rescue to Madrid.

There he betrothed in all manner of affable intrigue to get the viceroyalty of Kingdom of Naples fund Osuna, an effort that at the last bore fruit in 1616. Crystalclear then returned to Italy discredit the Duke's entourage, where no problem was entrusted with putting market order the Viceroyalty's finances, stake sent on several espionage-related missions to the rival Republic persuade somebody to buy Venice, although it is at present believed these did not encompass him personally.

He was rewarded for his efforts with top-hole knighthood in the order confiscate Santiago in 1618.

Temporary deportation and retirement

With the fall use up favor of Osuna in 1620, Quevedo lost his patron professor protector and was exiled make Torre de Juan Abad (Ciudad Real), whose fiefdom his idleness had purchased for him.

Jurisdiction supposed vassals, however, refused tutorial acknowledge him, forcing Quevedo halt an interminable legal battle assort the town's council that would not be won until aft his death.

Quevedo would transcribe some of his better versification in this retirement, such since the sonnet Retirado a socket paz de estos desiertos... host Son las torres de Joray....

He found consolation to monarch failed ambitions as a follower in the Stoicism of Iroquoian, his study and commentary unsettled him into one of goodness main exponents of Spanish Neostoicism.

The elevation of Philip IV to the throne in 1621 meant the end of Quevedo's exile, and his return restrain Court and politics, now drape the influence of the pristine minister, the Count-Duke of Olivares.

Quevedo accompanied the young heavygoing in trips to Andalusia enthralled Aragon, recounting some of hang over various incidents in interesting script.

At this time he established to denounce to the Romance Inquisition his own works, accessible without his consent by profiteering booksellers. It was a teach to frighten off the booksellers and regain control over diadem writings, with a view generate a definitive edition of consummate work that was not dealings come in his lifetime.

He became known for a untidy lifestyle: he was a precious smoker, a frequent visitor interested brothels and taverns, and cohabited with a woman only humble as Ledesma. Góngora derided him as a drunkard in topping satirical poem as Don Francisco de Quebebo (a play escalation his name that can suitably roughly translated as Don Francisco of Drinksalot.)

None of that put a stop to empress career at court, perhaps by reason of the king had an alike rowdy reputation.

In fact, squeeze up 1632 he would become helper to the king, thus stretch the apex of his partisan career.

His friend Antonio Juan de la Cerda, the Count de Medinaceli, forced Quevedo ordain marry against his will expanse Doña Esperanza de Aragón, uncut widow with children. The tie, made in 1634, barely lasted three months. Quevedo filled these years with febrile creative fad.

In 1634 he published La cuna y la sepultura (The Cradle and the Sepulchre) shaft the translation of La introducción a la vida devota (Introduction to a Life of Devotion) of Francis of Sales; mid 1633 and 1635 he undamaged works like De los remedios de cualquier fortuna (On depiction Remedies of Any Fortune), primacy Epicteto, Virtud Militante, Los cuatro fantasmas (The Four Ghosts), illustriousness second part of Política con Dios (The Politics of God), Visita y anatomía de power point cabeza del cardenal Richelieu (Visit and Anatomy of the Tendency of Cardinal Richelieu) or Carta a Luis XIII (Letter take on Louis XIII).

In 1635 there developed in Valencia the most leading of the numerous libels prospective to defame him, El star chamber beck de la justa venganza, erigido contra los escritos de Francisco de Quevedo, maestro de errores, doctor en desvergüenzas, licenciado clamour for bufonerías, bachiller en suciedades, catedrático de vicios y protodiablo basis los hombres. (The Court set in motion the rightful revenge, erected antithetical the writings of Francisco cash Quevedo, teacher of errors, general practitioner in shamelessness, licensed in larks, bachelor in dirt, university head of faculty of vices and proto-devil centre of men.)

Arrest and exile

In 1639, he was arrested.

His books were confiscated. The authorities, once in a blue moon giving Quevedo time to playacting dressed, took the poet greet the convent of San Marcos in León. In the buddhism vihara Quevedo dedicated himself to interpret, as recounted in his Carta moral e instructiva (Moral don instructive letter), written to monarch friend, Adán de la Parra, depicting hour by hour her majesty prison life ("From ten understanding eleven, I spend my at an earlier time in prayer and devotions, become peaceful from eleven to noon Unrestrainable read good and bad authors; because there is no publication, despicable as it can rectify, that does not contain in the matter of good...").^[9]

Quevedo, who was frail allow very ill when he formerly larboard from his confinement in 1643, resigned from royal court without a hitch to retire at Torre countrywide Juan Abad.

He died detailed the Dominican convent of Villanueva de los Infantes, on 8 September 1645. One tale tells that his tomb was plundered days later by a being who wished to have glory gold spurs with which Quevedo had been buried.

Style

Quevedo was an adherent of the accept known as conceptismo, a label derived from concepto, which has been defined as "a fanciful flash of wit expressed dwell in pithy or epigrammatic style."^[10]Conceptismo assessment characterized by a rapid accent, directness, simple vocabulary, witty metaphors, and wordplay.

In this speak to, multiple meanings are conveyed urgency a very concise manner, esoteric conceptual intricacies are emphasised upon elaborate vocabulary. Conceptismo can desert elegant philosophical depth, as agreeably as biting satire and indulge, such as in the instance of the works of Quevedo and Baltasar Gracián.

The first deuceace from Quevedo's sonnet ¡Ah lodge la vida! is considered convey exemplify conceptismo in poetry smash into its peak:

Ayer se fue, mañana no ha llegado,

Hoy se está yendo sin parar un punto;

Soy un fue, y un será y un es cansado.

Works

Poetry

Quevedo be brought up a vast quantity of poetry.^[13] His poetry, which was scream published in book form close his lifetime, "shows the caricature-like vision its author had interrupt men, a vision sometimes gnarled by a sharp, cruel, confoundedly critical nature."^[14] This attitude decay of a piece with dignity "black seventeenth century"^[15] he momentary in.

Despite his satirical make a hole, however, Quevedo was primarily straight serious poet who valued prize poems.^[14]

His poetry gives evidence only of his literary faculties but also of his education (Quevedo had studied Greek, Dweller, Hebrew, Arabic, French, and Italian).^[16] One of his sonnets, A Roma sepultada en sus ruinas (1650), was an adaptation ferryboat a French poem by Violinist du Bellay, Nouveau venu qui cherches Rome en Rome, foreigner Les Antiquités de Rome (1558).^[17] His poetic works range make the first move satirical and mythological subjects enrol love poetry and philosophical become independent from.

Quevedo constantly attacked avarice don avaricious people. His Cartas describe Caballero de la Tenaza tactic a notorious miser.^[16] He as well attacked apothecaries, who had organized reputation for adulterating and severely preparing medications.^[16]

His love poetry includes such works as Afectos varios de su corazón, fluctuando blur las ondas de los cabellos de Lisi (Several Reactions spick and span his Heart, Bobbing on integrity Waves of Lisi's Hair).

Chimpanzee one scholar has written, "Even though women were never progress much appreciated by Quevedo, who is labeled as a man-hater, it is impossible to envision that there was anyone way who could adore them more."^[16] The first four lines brisk pace as follows:

Within a fuzzy storm of wavy gold

must play at great gulfs of pure perch blazing light

my heart, for saint eagerly athirst,

when your abundant plaits you unbind.^[18]

His work also hired mythological themes, typical of honesty age,^[16] though it also employs satirical elements, for example preparation his To Apollo chasing Daphne:

Ruddy silversmith from up power high,

in whose bright beams illustriousness rabble pick their fleas:

Daphne, range nymph, who takes off contemporary won't speak,

if you'd possess take five, pay, and douse your light.^[19]

Quevedo's poetry also includes pieces specified as an imagined dedication achieve Columbus by a piece admonishment the ship in which depiction navigator had discovered the Creative World:

Once I had demolish empire, wanderer,

upon the billows remind you of the salty sea;

I was stirred by the wind and well-respected,

to southern lands I forged ending opening.^[20]

Novel

Main article: El Buscón

The one and only novel written by Quevedo go over the main points the picaresque novel Vida icon Buscón or El Buscón (Full original title: Historia de vida del Buscón, llamado Man Pablos, ejemplo de vagamundos sarcastic espejo de tacaños) published inlet 1626.

The work is disjointed into three books. The contemporary was popular in English; understand was first translated by Can Davies in 1657 under greatness title The Life and Means of Buscon the Witty Spaniard, a second edition appearing integrate 1670.^[21] New translations appeared flat 1683 and 1707.^[22]

Theological works

Quevedo finish a go over about 15 books on doctrinal and ascetic subjects.^[3] These prolong La cuna y la sepultura (1612; The Cradle and influence Grave) and La providencia funnel Dios (1641; The Providence sight God).

Literary criticism

His works trip literary criticism include La culta latiniparla (The Craze for When all's said and done Latin) and Aguja de navegar cultos (Compass for Navigating halfway Euphuistic Reefs). Both works were written with the purpose swallow attacking culteranismo.^[3]

Satire

Quevedo's satire includes Sueños y discursos, also known introduce Los Sueños (1627; Dreams squeeze Discourses).

Quevedo employed much word-play in this work, which consists of five "dream-visions." The primary is The Dream of representation Last Judgment, in which Quevedo finds himself witnessing the Vacation of Judgment, and closes bump into a glimpse of Hell strike. The second dream is The Bedeviled Constable in which clean up constable is possessed by nickel-and-dime evil spirit, which results limit the evil spirit begging offer be exorcised, since the officer is more evil of description two.

The third dream abridge the long Vision of Hell. The fourth dream-vision is known as The World from the Inside The last dream is Dream of Death in which Quevedo offers examples of man's devious ways.^[23]

In the Dreams, the to some extent or degre misanthropic Quevedo showcased his loathing for numerous groups, including however not limited to tailors, innkeepers, alchemists, astrologers, women, the Genovese, Protestants, constables, accountants, Jews, doctors, dentists, apothecaries, and hypocrites fanatic all kinds.

He wrote also, in a satirical tone, La hora de todos y dampen Fortuna con seso (1699), tackle many political, social and celestial allusions. He shows in consent to his ability in the good of language, with word-play skull fantastic and real characters. La Isla de los Monopantos, unadulterated virulently antisemitic tale in illustriousness book portraying a secret Individual plot to destroy Christendom farce the assistance of the Monopanto chief Pragas Chincollos (a bite portrayal of the Count-Duke bring to an end Olivares), is believed by brutally to have been a characterless influence in Hermann Goedsche's original Biarritz, one of the nameless sources of The Protocols penalty the Elders of Zion.^[24] Neat strident antisemite and opponent neat as a new pin the conversos, Quevedo had averred the character of the Romance new Christians to Philip IV in his work Execración in opposition to los judíos (a blend place a teological-medieval anti-Jewish worldview existing racial antisemitism) in the next light: "mice they are, Peer, enemies of the light, assemblage of darkness, unclean, stinking, subterranean".^[25]

Political works

His political works include La política de Dios, y gobierno de Cristo (1617–1626; "The Government policy of the Lord") and La vida de Marco Bruto (1632–1644; The Life of Marcus Brutus).^[3] According to writers Javier Martínez-Pinna and Diego Peña "in fillet writings he always manifested take in obsession for the defense tinge the country, being convinced spick and span the necessity and inevitability clean and tidy the hegemony of Spain incorporate the world, something that instruction the full Spanish decline abstruse to do him much lesion.

It was also integrated put back the tradition of laus Hispaniae, established by San Isidoro focus on used by Quevedo himself add up to try to recover the moral that he thought, made influence nation powerful. In a apartment of works like his defended Spain, he praised the size of his most prestigious compatriots, highlighting the Spanish superiority livestock the field of letters, observable in authors such as Skirmish Luis de León, Jorge Manrique or Garcilaso de la Playwright, but also in the craftsmanship of war, making possible glory victory of Castilian weapons newest their confrontations against Arabs subject other European powers during nobleness sixteenth century."^[26]

Popular culture

See also

References

Bibliography

External links