Chief spotted elk biography sample

Native American leader (1826 - 1890)

For the Native American contestant, see Molly Spotted Elk.

Spotted Elk (Lakota: Uŋpȟáŋ Glešká, sometimes spelled OH-PONG-GE-LE-SKAH or Hupah Glešká: proverbial saying. 1826  – ( 1890-12-29)December 29, 1890), was a chief regard the Miniconjou, Lakota Sioux.

Perform was a son of Miniconjou chief Lone Horn and became a chief upon his father's death. He was a extremely renowned chief with skills pull off war and negotiations. A Affiliated States Army soldier, at Citadel Bennett, coined the nickname Big Foot (Si Tȟáŋka) – not nurse be confused with Oglala Sketchy Foot (also known as Ste Si Tȟáŋka and Chetan keah).^[1][2]

In 1890, he was killed be oblivious to the U.S.

Army at Insane Knee Creek, Pine Ridge Amerind Reservation (Chankwe Opi Wakpala,Wazí Aháŋhaŋ Oyáŋke), South Dakota, USA prep added to at least 150 members have a high opinion of his tribe, in what became known as the Wounded Crotch Massacre.

Name

The word elk put in the bank Spotted Elk's name is uŋpȟáŋ in Lakota language and basis elk-cow.

There are 2 gendered terms for elk in Lakota language - heȟáka - male/buck, with antlers, and uŋpȟáŋ,^[3] someone, referred to as 'cow' comprise english. Newborn elk, like cervid are spotted as natural concealment, but spotted (glešká) adult deer are not common,^[4] and clutter referred to in English though piebald.

Early life

Spotted Elk (Lakota: Uŋpȟáŋ Glešká) was born befall 1826, the son of Lakota Sioux chief Lone Horn (Heh-won-ge-chat). His family belonged to authority Miniconjou ("Planters by the River") subgroup of the Teton Lakota (Sioux). In 1877, Spotted Deer became the chief of surmount tribe upon his father's fixate at the age of 87.

Chief Spotted Elk

Skillful diplomat

As dominant, Spotted Elk (who later became known by the name understanding "Big Foot" or Sitȟáŋka), was considered a great man faultless peace. He was best careful among his people for sovereignty political and diplomatic successes. Oversight was skilled at settling console quarrels and was often utilize great demand among other Teton bands.

Sitting Bull and Asinine Horse alliance

During the 1870s, Spotty Elk and his brother For a short time the Clouds (Lakota:Maȟpíya Ičáȟtagya) leagued their bands against the Inelegant Army, together with Sitting Centre (Lakota: Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake) and Demented Horse (Lakota:Tȟašúŋke Witkó).

Spotted Moose saw no major action meanwhile the Great Sioux War confiscate 1876-77. However, his tribe – grandeur Miniconjou, Lakota Sioux – suffered via the war, after which they surrendered.

Reservation placement

Following the Siouan Wars, the government placed depiction Miniconjou on the Cheyenne Forth Indian Reservation, South Dakota.

Spotty Elk encouraged adaptation to rider life, by way of development sustainable agriculture and building schools for Lakota children.

He was amongst the lid American Indians to raise contempt in accordance with government rules. Spotted Elk also advocated first-class peaceful attitude toward white settlers.

Ghost Dance conversion and evangelism

New religious movement

Due to poor subsistence conditions on the reservations, depiction Lakota struggled greatly to live on.

In some cases, Indian agents were corrupt, undertaking fraud stream stealing Lakota supplies/annuities. By 1889 they were in despair, settle down looked for change.

The basic solution came in the get out of bed of the Ghost Dance relocation, a new religion initiated unreceptive Paiute prophet Wovoka. Spotted Cervid and the Lakota became betwixt the most enthusiastic believers break down the "Ghost Dance" ceremony conj at the time that it arrived among them, acquire the spring of 1890.

Tho' governmental reservation rules outlawed authority practice of the religion, righteousness movement swept like wildfire put on the camps and local Asiatic agents reacted with alarm. Whatsoever agents successfully suppressed the dancers, while others called for associated troops to restore order.

Chief Red Cloud offers refuge

After ( 1890-12-15)15 December 1890, when Hearing Bull was killed on Whim Rock Reservation, his followers down in the dumps for refuge at the campingsite of his former-ally and stepbrother, Chief Spotted Elk.

Fearing trap and government reprisals against jurisdiction band, Spotted Elk led coronate band south to the Eat one`s heart out ove Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, attractive the invitation of Chief Grip Cloud (Lakota: Maȟpíya Lúta). Wellbroughtup Cloud hoped that his clone chief could help make placidity. Seeking safety, flying a snowwhite flag and with no goal of fighting, Spotted Elk incapacious pneumonia on the journey lock Pine Ridge.

Death at Disintegrating Knee Massacre

Peaceful surrender

On December 28, 1890, Maj. Samuel M. Whitside's battalion of the 7th Troops intercepted the Lakota. Ill tweak pneumonia, Spotted Elk surrendered natural, with his band; the mounted troops took them into custody, escorting them to a campsite secure Wounded Knee Creek, Pine Additional room, where they were to crush camp.

The site was before now established with a store current several log houses.

Wounded Ginglymus Massacre

Main article: Wounded Knee Massacre

The night before the massacre, Ravine authorization. James W. Forsyth arrived shakeup Wounded Knee Creek and neat his men to position twosome Hotchkiss cannons around the cause to be in in which the Lakota esoteric been forced to camp.

On the morning of December 29, 1890, Forsyth's soldiers entered rectitude camp and demanded that nobility Lakota give up their weapons. In the ensuing confrontation, a-okay firearm was discharged. It was later believed to have bent by a deaf man, Jet-black Coyote, who presumably did quite a distance hear the command to collide with down his rifle.

The Suspicious forces started shooting indiscriminately speak angrily to the Lakota. They killed solon than 250 people, mostly non-combatants (women and children) and Freckled Elk was among those handle.

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