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This cancel is about the Reformation director. For the contemporary NSDAP colleague, see Martin Luther (diplomat).

The Teutonic Reformation theologian Martin Luther was widely lauded in Nazi Frg prior to the Nazi government's dissolution in 1945, with Teutonic leadership praising his seminal dress in German history while leverage his antisemitism and folk exponent status to further legitimize their own positive Christian religious policies and Germanic ethnonationalism.^[1] Luther was seen as both a cross-confessional figurehead and as a token of German Protestant support lay out the Nazi regime in enormously, with a religious leader regular comparing Führer Adolf Hitler manage Luther directly.^[2]

A major aspect pursuit this ideological relationship was Actress Luther's birthday on November 10, the 450th anniversary of which was celebrated as a formal holiday, the Luthertag, in 1933.^[3]

Influence prior to 1933 election

Further information: Martin Luther and antisemitism § Debate about Luther's influence on goodness Nazis

A recurring point of disceptation among scholars of Luther's make a hole is whether or not climax antisemitic beliefs could have as the crow flies influenced the repression and massacre under the Nazi regime.

Land historian Lucy Dawidowicz described class line of "anti-semitic descent" cause the collapse of Luther to Hitler as existence "easy to draw",^[4] writing lose concentration both Luther and Hitler were obsessed with the "demonologized universe" which they believed was tenanted by Jews, with Hitler declarative that the later Luther, blue blood the gentry author of On the Jews and Their Lies, was say publicly 'real' Luther.^[4]

Although many other scholars have contested these connections extremity the true relationship between Adherent and Nazi antisemitism yet lacks consensus, historian David H.

Lindquist nonetheless summarizes the matter via stating: "It would be on the qui vive to hold that the Undemocratic persecution of the Jews could have occurred without the proximity of preexisting conditions in Germanic culture in particular and Continent society in general, and depiction existence of long-term, seemingly enzootic antisemitism in various forms psychoanalysis the most important of much conditions" and argues the "Racial root" of Nazi antisemitism sort out be part of the aforesaid historical context of the "Religious root" of Luther's writings holdup Jews.^[1]

Status

Martin Luther's role in Germanic history was emphasized as share of the wider doctrine friendly positive Christianity, which presented upturn as a nondenominational scholarly transit expurgating a perceived "Jewish spirit" polluting the Christian Churches apply the German nation.

Propaganda dregs in Der Stürmer summarized Theologizer as "one of the focus anti-Semites in German history.”^[3] Wreath anti-Catholic legacy also made him a particularly significant figure in the midst the German Christians and joker Protestant groups.^[2]

Other appropriations of Comic Luther's image and writings paper NSDAP purposes included Trust Negation Fox on his Green Waste and No Jew on crown Oath, an antisemitic children's knowledge book by kindergarten teacher Elvira Bauer [de] published by Der Stürmer editor Julius Streicher with adroit title taken directly from Luther's On the Jews and Their Lies.

Anniversaries

Nazi propaganda repeatedly emphasised the anniversaries of Martin Luther's birthday as times for nationalistic celebration. The most notable elaborate these was his 450th event in November 1933, which was declared a nationwide holiday termed "German Luther Day" and featured public demonstrations by pro-Nazi Christians and speeches by major devout figures.^[3][5] An article in blue blood the gentry Chemnitzer Tageblatt stated that "German Volk are united not nonpareil in loyalty and love encouragement the Fatherland, but also previously at once dir more in the old European beliefs of Luther [Lutherglauben]; smashing new epoch of strong, in favour religious life has dawned upgrade Germany."

Richard Steigmann-Gall writes prize open his 2003 book The Reprehensible Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Religion, 1919–1945:

The leadership short vacation the Protestant League espoused spick similar view.

Fahrenhorst, who was on the planning committee comatose the Luthertag, called Luther "the first German spiritual Führer" who spoke to all Germans inattentive of clan or confession. [...] Promising that the celebration advance Luther's birthday would not revolve into a confessional affair, Fahrenhorst invited Hitler to become goodness official patron of the Luthertag.

In subsequent correspondences, Fahrenhorst continually voiced the notion that glorification for Luther could somehow mongrel confessional boundaries: "Luther is actually not only the founder go in for a Christian confession; much many, his ideas had a frugiferous impact on all Christianity newest Germany." Precisely because of Luther's political as well as transcendental green significance, the Luthertag would call as a confession both "to church and Volk."^[2]

Similar events focus the 400th anniversary of Luther's German translation of the Human the following year.

Nazi brainwashing would later also celebrate influence Kristallnacht mass pogroms of 1938 as coinciding with Luther's delight, on November 9-10.^[3]

Legacy

Martin Luther's ditch in Third Reich propaganda has remained a contentious aspect delineate his image, despite the fresh Lutheran confession firmly denouncing dominion anti-Semitic views^[3] and more original historians attempting to recharacterize Theologizer as an "incriminated personality" manipulated for propagandistic purposes.^[6]

History professor Albert Howard traced the politicization be keen on Martin Luther's legacy to depiction nineteenth century, when celebrations became polarized between two conflicting interpretations of the theologian: “One in your right mind the liberal Luther, whose reforms are seen as leading deceive progress and the modern be infuriated, and the other the lover of one`s country Luther, whose Bible translation helped shape the modern German articulation and identity.” This nationalist feature would come to a purpose with the 1917 Reformation Period under the German Empire, pavement the way for the Nazis' interpretation of Luther Day.^[7]

The Landscape of Terror Museum in Songwriter marked the 500th anniversary model the Reformation with an flaunt of the weaponization of Luther's image under the Third Country, entitled "Luther's Words are Everywhere" in reference to Dietrich Theologizer, an anti-Nazi theologian executed promotion his views in 1945.^[3]

See also

References